Scientific principles of reconstruction of gardening robinia plantings

Abstract

Generic complex Robinia L. a very promising group of plants for the creation of landscaping tree plantations in arid regions of our country. Nevertheless, in difficult forest growing conditions, in the absence of proper agrotechnical care, many representatives quickly enter the prussic period of development, dry-top, form abundant root, green shoots and self-seeding. These processes significantly reduce the artistic and decorative, sanitary and hygienic and recreational functions of green spaces, which in turn leads to the need for work on their reconstruction. In this regard, the aim of the work was to develop scientific principles for the reconstruction, restoration and preservation of robinia plantings on the example of cluster dendrological collections of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The object of research was the robinia plantings of the stock dendrological collections of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, having the following breed composition: R. viscosa var. hartwegii (Koehne) Ashe; R. neomexicana var. rusbyi; R. neomexicana var. neomexicana; R. neomexicana f. pale pink; R. neomexicana f. pale violet; R. pseudoacacia L.; R. pseudoacacia f. pyramidalis (Pepin) Rehd.; R. pseudoacacia f. umbraculifera (DC) Rehd. and R. pseudoacacia x R. neomexicana. It is established that despite the different purpose of robinium plantings in general, limited and special purpose landscaping facilities, several general principles of their reconstruction can be distinguished. One of the main principles is the principle of compliance with the general landscaping project and the regulatory framework governing the creation, protection and maintenance of green spaces. Thus, for scientific dendrological and botanical collections located in specially protected natural areas, such documents as: individual regulations on protected areas, passport of protected areas, protection obligation, etc. can act as a regulatory basis. In accordance with the bioecological principle, representatives of the genus Robinia are a very promising group of plants for the southern arid regions of the European part of Russia. However, despite the high degree of prospects, many of them have individual bioecological features, due to which they impose different requirements on agro-climatic growing conditions. Thus, the most winter-hardy and drought-resistant are typical representatives, varieties and forms of R. neomexicana. Hybrid forms of R. pseudoacacia x R. neomexicana also differ in increased winter hardiness. To accommodate heat-loving representatives - R. viscosa var. hartwegii and decorative forms of R. pseudoacacia f. pyramidalis and R. pseudoacacia f. umbraculifera it is necessary to select areas of the southern exposure with a low wind load. Allelopathic properties in the generic complex are poorly expressed, therefore, during reconstruction, it is possible to create mixed plantings using concomitant species of woody plants. The main phytocenotic property is the ability to enrich the soil with nitrogen, which in natural conditions often leads to the transformation of the herbaceous cover with a predominance of nitrophilic plant species. This property makes robinia suitable for creating landscaping objects using various types of plantings such as lawn and robinia tree groups, arrays, tapeworms. On the other hand, in order to prevent invasive activity (introduction into natural ecosystems), when designing and reconstructing robinia plantings, it is necessary to leave a buffer zone between artificial plantings and natural forest communities located in close proximity to the landscaping or reconstruction object. Currently, in the practice of garden and park construction, insufficient attention is paid to the systematic principle of designing and reconstructing robinia plantings. Plantings of R. pseudoacacia are usually created in landscaping objects, while other species, varieties and forms are rarely used. Despite this, many of them have a sufficient range of decorative properties for the formation of pure or mixed plantings, as well as for the creation of spectacular robinia groups (homogeneous groups) on the principle of generic complexes. The geographical principle is more often used in the creation and reconstruction of scientific dendrological collections. The areas of natural distribution of all representatives of the genus Robinia are located in North America, so they can be used to create geographical areas of North American plants. The decorative and artistic principle of the reconstruction of green spaces is aimed at creating plant compositions that emphasize the best decorative qualities of certain plants. To achieve the maximum decorative effect, various types of plantings are used in the construction of compositions, while the most decorative types are used in the creation of solitary plantings. The genus Robinia includes several species, varieties and forms of plants promising for various types of planting and gardening techniques. Typical representatives of R. pseudoacacia and R. neomexicana are promising for arrays. For alleys: R. pseudoacacia f. pyramidalis and R. pseudoacacia f. umbraculifera. For solitary plantings of R. viscosa var. hartwegii, and for group - all representatives, including the color forms of R. neomexicana F. pale pink and R. neomexicana F. pale purple.