Scientific justification of selection of plants for sanitary protection zones in arid region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25726/NM.2018.1.1.005Keywords:
sanitary protection zones, crop plants, landscaping, assortment, types of plantings.Abstract
The use of sanitary protection zones (SPZ) is subject to the restrictions established by the current legislation and these rules and regulations. Until now, in the dry region (Volgograd region), many industrial enterprises have practically no SPZ in terms of green area. Errors in the selection of the range for such plantings lead to an unsatisfactory state of the existing SPZ.
On the basis of the analysis of sanitary-hygienic and soil-climatic conditions taking into account normative documents the scientific substantiation of selection of the range of plants for SPZ on the example of the territory of gremyachinsky Deposit of potassium salts (Kotelnikovsky district, Volgograd region) is given. Forest square license area of the site to the design of the SPZ was about 2 %, land use is confined to the region of the Volga and the Yergeni hills. The South-Western exposition of the site is characterized by the dismemberment of the area, beams and ravines, which is the main factor that creates heterogeneity of the soil cover and the state of protective forest plantations.
The criteria for selection of wood, shrub and herbaceous plants taking into account soil and climatic conditions, purpose and their resistance to harmful pollutants. Research and selection was carried out on the basis of collections VNIALMI(now Federal scientific center for Agroecology Russian Academy of Sciences) and a study of existing plantations in the areas of the planned facilities.
The plantings of 35-year-old Ulmus pumilacrops on the South-Eastern exposure (chestnut carbonate medium soils) are in satisfactory condition. Low average growth from 20 years. Analysis of the sample areas with Fraxinus lanceolataat the age of 45 years has established high safety.
On the basis of the existing plantings and regional recommendations the types of plantings are defined and the specific structure of trees, bushes and a lawn (grassy cover) for SZZ on the lands of industrial facility in the conditions of arid climate is developed. Selection of grasses for lawns SPZ was carried out with the dominance plotnokustovye, well covering and fastening the top layer of soil, herbage height 30-35 cm Recommended mixtures and options for lawns SPZ supplemented with core species of herbaceous plants.
It is established that for increase of durability of plantings and enhance micro-climate, windproof and dustproof efficiency it is necessary to create a mixed stacked wood plantings with participation of shrubs and herbaceous cover, and alternate the open (lawn) and closed (engaged in the planting of trees and shrubs) space (70% throughout).
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