Analysis of bioresources of the gene pool of Robinia, Gleditsia for forest meliorative complexes on the basis of studying adaptation to stress factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25726/NM.2018.2.2.004Keywords:
adaptation, growth, seasonal development, biodiversity, species, forms, Robinia, Gleditsia, tolerance, stress factors, landscaping, protective afforestation, enrichmentAbstract
The economically valuable gene pool of species and form diversity of Robinia L. and Gleditsia L. is of interest for the degraded landscapes of the arid region. In gardening and forest melioration in the south of the country, only one type of Gleditsia (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) and one species of Robinia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) are widely used.
The objects of the study were representatives of the genera Robinia (R. viscosa Vent., R. luxurians (Dieck) S.K. Schneid., R. pseudoacacia L., R. pseudoacacia L. f. pyramidalis (Pepin) Rehd., R. pseudoacacia L. f. unifoliola (Talou) Rehd., R. pseudoacacia L. f. umbraculifera (DC) Rehd.) and Gleditsia (G. triacanthos L., G. triacanthos L f. inermis, G. aquatica Marsh, G. caspica Desf, G. sinensis Lam., G. texana Sarg., G. japonica Miq.) from different floristic regions to the conditions of the Volgograd region (FNC of agroecology RAS, cadast No. 34: 34: 000000: 122, 34: 34: 060061: 10; Nizhnevolzhskaya station on selection of wood species, No. 34: 36: 0000: 14: 0178).
It has been revealed that the adaptation of the gene pool of Robinia, Gleditsia to stress factors is important in the Volga regions, where droughts, high and low temperatures manifest themselves as stressors. To determine the tolerance of the species and form diversity of Robinia, Gleditsia, the specificity of their growth and development has been established according to the degree of adaptation in conditions of introduction based on long-term studies. The research was carried out on the following indicators: growth, seasonal development, attitude to stress factors, ecology of flowering and fruiting.
A comparative assessment of quantitative measurements of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, and leaf anthocyanins using the DUALEX SCIENTIFIC + device showed the adaptive capacity of plants. It is proved that the ecological-geographical origin of the sample influences the success of adaptation. Advantage is the material from the areas of natural distribution of the species or from the places of introduction of relatives (Volgograd Region) according to climatic conditions. Materials of the reproductive development of the Robinia pseudoacaciaL. forms in the dry steppe showed the prospects of using adapted frost-resistant clones in the greening of settlements in low-forest regions.
Based on the study of adaptation to stress factors of representatives of the genus Robinia, Gleditsia, promising species and forms have been identified that can be widely used in forest melioration complexes and landscaping (for casing streets, in gardens and parks, also in the form of groups, sometimes even arrays).
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