Regulation of increase of biodiversity of woody plants in protective forest plantings of the Volga region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25726/NM.2018.2.2.005Keywords:
biodiversity, protective forest plantings, gene pool, trees, bushes, introduction, selection, assortment, regulations, enrichment of dendroflora, invasions, arid conditions, Volga regionAbstract
Protective afforestation in the arid conditions of the Volga region is associated with the use of introduced woody plants. Despite the great experience of protective afforestation, the condition of all types of plantings in the region cannot be considered satisfactory. Reasons: errors in the selection of trees and shrubs, in the evaluation of the gene pool, in the development of the assortment. The lack of scientifically sound regulations for increasing the biodiversity of woody plants in the protective forest plantations of the Volga region leads to invasions.
On the example of collections dendrology plots (Volgograd and Samara regions), materials are provided to identify potential risks of the consequences of introductions to enhance the biodiversity of protective forest plantings.
The goal is the scientific substantiation of the regulations for the selection of introduced trees and shrubs to enhance the biodiversity of protective forest plantations in arid conditions. The developed procedure for enriching dendroflora includes an algorithm for quantitative and qualitative improvement of the assortment and the choice of the best option possible with the use of a cluster approach, a system of methods and criteria.
To carry out the tasks set, the research work was concentrated on the bioresources of trees and shrubs of the facilities of the Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of Russian Academy of Sciences (formerly VNIALMI) and its branches. The genefond of trees and shrubs is represented by 700 taxa.
The article substantiates the use of multi-purpose plants in protective forest plantations (Rosaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Oleaceae, Fabaceae) of the Volga region. The register of genera of economically important families of the collections fund is presented. They have adaptability, they include economically important groups.
Expanding the biodiversity of tree vegetation of protective forest plantations through the introduction of shrubs of various forms of growth (high, medium, low) contribute to improving environmental conditions and preserving the biodiversity of landscapes. Materials of monitoring dendrological collections and experimental populations that form sowing of young plants are present.
It is established that when designing protective forest plantings for various special purposes, it is necessary to use a variety of perspective and economically important trees and shrubs (forest meliorative, ornamental, fruit and berry, honey, medicinal).
For forest reclamation of degraded ecosystems, 168 species of trees and shrubs are recommended. For the creation of plantings on unproductive land, 90 species of introduced shrubs of multi-purpose use are being introduced.
The forecast of the perspective of the gene pool of woody plants for protective afforestation is based on long-term agroecological monitoring of the generic complexes of dendrological collections of the Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of Russian Academy of Sciences, and includes the creation of a stock of planting material for tree species, taking into account environmental friendliness, economic suitability and innovative attractiveness.
References
2. Agroecology /VA. Chernikov [etc.]. M, 2000. 536 p.
3. Trees and bushes for protective afforestation / G.P. Ozolin [etc.]. M.: Forest industry, 1974. Pp.81-82.
4. Zonn I.S., Kust G.S. A desertification problem in Russia: state, assessment, solutions // Desertification and degradation of soils: materials of the international scientific and practical conference. M, 1999. Pp. 52-56.
5. Kostyukov S. M., Taran S.S. Increase in decorative durability of bushes // Agrolesomelioration in the system of adaptive and landscape agriculture: search of new model (to the 90 anniversary of the academician of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences E.S. Pavlovsky): materials of the international scientific and practical conference of young scientists and experts. Volgograd: VNIALMI, 2013. Pp. 139-142.
6. Kretinin V. M. Biological bases of cultivation of forest plantings for the purposes of agroforestry // Agroforest amelioration science in the 20th century: book of scientific works. Volgograd, 2001. Pp. 224-241.
7. Lyubimov V.B., Zinovyev V.G. An introduction of trees and bushes to droughty regions. Voronezh-Belgorod: Publishing house of BELGU, 2002. 224 p.
8. Mazurenko M.T. A biomorphological method in an introduction of plants//the Introduction of plants: theoretical, methodical and applied problems: materials of the international scientific conference. Yoshkar-Ola, 2009. Pp. 47-56.
9. Mathis G.Ya., Kryuchkov S. N. Afforestation in droughty conditions. Volgograd, 2003. 291 p.
10. Methodical instructions on a semenovedeniye of wood introduced species in the conditions of a droughty zone / A.V. Semenyutina [etc.]. M.: Russian Agricultural Academy, 2010. 56 p.
11. Scientific and methodical instructions on optimization dendroflora of forest melioration complexes / A.V. Semenyutina [etc.]. Volgograd, 2012. 40 p.
12. Semenyutina A.V. Dendroflora forest-meliorative complexes / edited by I.P. Svintsov. Volgograd: VNIALMI, 2013. 266 p.
13. Semenyutina A.V., Tereshkin A.V. Protective forest plantings: analysis of specific structure and scientific bases of increase in a biodiversity dendroflora // Achievements of modern natural sciences. 2016. Issue. 4. Pp. 99-104.
14. Semenyutina A.V., Svintsov I.P., Kostyukov S.M. The gene fund of shrubs for greenery development: monograph. M.: Science. Thought, 2016. 238 p.
15. Semenyutina A.V., Taran S.S., Kruzhilin S.N., Petrov V.I. Ontogenesis, an ecological role and prospects of bushes for protective forest plantings of various purpose // Social-and-ecological technologies. 2016. Issue. 2. Pp. 74-83.
16. Strategy and action plan for the conservation of biodiversity of the Russian Federation. M, 2014.275 p.
17. The strategy of development of protective afforestation in the Russian Federation until 2020 / K.N. Kulik, etc. Volgograd: VNIALMI, 2008. 34 p.
18. Tereshkin A.V., Andrushko T.A. To a question of application of bushes on slope lands of settlements // Science. Thought. 2014. Issue. 1. P. 10-14.
19. Cherepanov S.K. Vascular plants of the USSR / S.K. Cherepanov. – L., 1981. – 520 p.
20. Chukuridi S. S. Characteristic and medicinal properties of some introduced species this. Rosaceae Juss. // Bulletin Bot. a garden of I.S. Kosenko. 2002. Issue. 19. Pp. 159-164.
21. Bioecological justification assortment of shrubs for landscaping urban landscapes / A.V. Semenyutina, S.М. Kostyukov. Accent graphics communications. Montreal, QC, Canada, 2013. 164 p.
22. Cock M.J.W. Biosecurity and Forests: An Introduction - with particular emphasis on forest pests.FAO Forest Health and Biosecurity Working Paper FBS/2E, 2003.
23. Semenyutina A.V., Svintsov I.P., Huzhahmetova A.Sh., Semenyutina V.A. Regulations of safe and sustainable use of biodiversity of woody plants in protective afforestation // Journal of Agriculture and Environment. 2018. Issue 3(7). http://jae.cifra.science/article/ view/93. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.23649/ jae.2018.3.7.3.
24. Semenyutina A.V. Podkovyrov, Semenyutina V.A. Environmental efficiency of the cluster method of analysis of greenery objects decorative advantages // Life Science Journal. 2014. 11(12s). Pp. 699- 702.
25. Semenyutina A.V., Podkovyrov I.Y., Huzhahmetova A.Sh., Semenyutina V.A., Podkovyrova G.V. Mathematical justification of the selection of woody plants biodiversity in the reconstruction of objects of gardening // International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. 2016. Vol. 110. Issue 2. Pp. 361-368.
