Features of the development of architectonics of crowns of bushes as a criterion of decorativeness in green building
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25726/NM.2019.99.51.001Keywords:
architectonics, crown, crown form, crown density, leaf coloring, decorativeness, shrubs, growth class, planting types, environmental properties, rejuvenation, decorative durabilityAbstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to green construction as the most effective way to improve the ecological situation in cities and settlements in sparsely wooded regions. This industry is based on modern needs for green areas, taking into account the renovation of the range of shrubs that are promising for use in dry conditions.
Decorative merits of shrubs are taken into account when selecting and forming groups, clumps and beautiful green areas. The decorative qualities of the crown have an important role - both their size and shape.
The purpose of the research is to study the decorative merits of shrubs on the basis of studying the development of crowns.
The objects of research were 30 species of shrubs of various geographical origin and age, growing in the collections of the Federal Science Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Volgograd, Kamyshin).
When conducting research on the architectonics of crown bushes, the VS method was used. Theodoronsky et al. (2002). The duration of the manifestation of decorative features according to the methods of A.V. Semenyutinoy (2014).
The research results showed that the main limiting climatic factors affecting the growth and development of the crowns of shrubs in the dry steppe are frequent recurrence of droughts and low moisture provision, extreme minimum (–37 ° C) and maximum temperatures (+ 42 ° C).
Decorative advantages of crown shrubs are most fully manifested in optimal growing conditions and are determined by the duration of aesthetic impact. The highest rating throughout the year in evergreens: Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh.) Nutt. (score of 190) and Buxus colchica Pojark. (183). The best manifestation of the decorative qualities of crowns in ontogenesis is characterized by the most adapted species.
It was revealed that the features of the crown, the structure of the structure of the bush's surface depend on the size of the leaves and their placement on the branches (the fine crown texture is characterized by Buxus colchica Pojark., Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake). In the selection of shrubs for various types of planting on the physiognomic principle should be taken into account environmental properties (light-loving, soil requirements, moisture requirements, smoke and gas resistance). Eight types of crowns have been identified in the studied species of shrubs.
Shrubs of all growth classes with a wide range of growth are valuable for gardening in the territories of a dry-steppe region: trees (more than 3 m in height), tall (from 2 to 3 m), medium-sized (from 1 to 2 m), low-growing (up to 1 m). It has been established that the crowns of tree-like shrubs reach the highest decorative effect by the age of 8-10. Their appearance is not very expressive at an early age compared with low and medium shrubs of this age.
The introduction of shrubs into landscaping planting of urban landscape landscapes creates a landscape-colorful effect on landscaping sites during flowering, fruiting, and autumn coloring. It has been established that 43% of the studied shrubs (Crataegus, Rhodotypus, Sorbaria, Forestiera, Philadelphus, Chaenomeles, etc.) in the crowns are dominated by yellow tones of autumn color. The rest are dominated by red, orange and purple tones.
To prolong the life cycle of shrubs in dry conditions, a deep rejuvenating pruning (planting on the stump) at the age of 20-25 years is recommended, and to improve their decorative durability pruning should be carried out depending on the characteristics of formation of shoots taking into account regulatory guidelines.
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