Dendrophages Ulmus spp. in the forest plantation of the Volga region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25726/NM.2019.77.24.002Keywords:
биоразнообразие, лесонасаждения, вредители, энтомофаги, фитосанитарная оптимизация.Abstract
Introduction. Green spaces in urban ecosystems of the Volga region were laid mainly in the 50-60-ies of the last century. Currently, there is a progressive deterioration in their sanitary condition.
An important biotic factor determining this situation is the activity of pests. This causes the need for it is established consisting of pelobionts and development of the complex of protective measures.
Materials and methods of research. The work was done in recreation and landscaping plantings (parks, parks, squares, intra) and forest belts (field and roadside) (cadaster number № 34:34:000000:122; 34:08:000000:6; 34:36:0000:14:0178; 63:23:0908001:0002; 63:17:0000000:0236) Volgograd and Samara regions.
Objects of research – pests of assimilation apparatus Ulmus spp. The material was collected during the growing season using generally accepted methods. By mass pests include species that damage more than 50% of the leaves in the crown.
Results and discussion. The fauna of phyllophagous elm are 112 types of two classes Arachnida and Insecta. Trophic structure of faunal complex of assimilation apparatus Ulmus spp. includes 4 groups.
The number of phyllophages and leaf damage are determined by the level of insolation. The number of larvae in the most illuminated upper part of the crown is 6.6-68.7% higher than in the middle and lower parts of the crowns.
One of the most important pests of elm is Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). A higher number of this species is typical for urban landings. Overwintered beetles damage here about 40% of the foliage in the crowns of trees – the damage caused by larvae increases by 1.2-1.6 times. The degree of damage to the leaf blade by individuals of the second generation reaches from 87-99%.
Number of leaves damaged by second generation leaf beetle individuals on Ulmus spp. significantly different: 7.2% of the elm smooth, 97,0% of the elm rough and 93,5% of Siberian elm.
There was an increase in the quantitative abundance of secondary pests, the number of aphids Tetraneura ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758) and Eriosoma ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758) increased in forest belts (14.8 and 11.6 copies/units, respectively). In urban areas their number is 68.5-40.0% lower.
Conclusion. On economically valuable woody plants of the generic complex Ulmus spp. 112 species of arthropods from 2 classes, 8 groups, 33 families were revealed. The maximum taxonomic wealth of the population is accounted for by widespread insects (67.8-80.2%). Dominated by leaf-eating insects.
The major economic threat of pests Ulmus spp. these include: Xanthogaleruca luteola (its number in recreational landscaping is 23.8-49.0% higher than in forest belts) and Dicraneura ulmi. Among the secondary pests of foliage of the elm, Tetraneura ulmi stand out and Eriosoma ulmi, the number of which is maximum in field-protective forest strips.
Systematic damage to elm by pests leads to reduced viability and drying of trees.
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