Bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils in the Arctic region: the potential of psychrophilic microbiota and the effectiveness of innovative biotechnologies
Keywords:
psychrophilic microorganisms, bioremediation, oil pollution, Arctic soilsAbstract
Oil pollution of the Arctic region's soils is a serious environmental problem that requires the development of effective bioremediation methods adapted to extreme climatic conditions. The present study is aimed at a comprehensive assessment of the potential of psychrophilic microorganisms for the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in low-temperature conditions and the development of innovative biotechnological approaches to the restoration of Arctic ecosystems. The experimental part of the work included isolation and identification of 147 strains of psychrophilic and psychrotolerant microorganisms from soil samples of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, assessment of their hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity and creation of effective biological products for remediation. Field tests were conducted at six experimental sites with varying degrees of contamination during three field seasons (2020-2022). The results demonstrate the high efficiency of the psychrophilic consortium, which reduces the concentration of petroleum products by 78.4% during one field season when used in conjunction with organomineral sorbents and biostimulants. A significant influence of the temperature regime, soil pH, and nutrient content on the rate of oil biodegradation has been established. A mathematical model has been developed that makes it possible to predict the effectiveness of bioremediation under various pollution scenarios and climatic conditions. Studies of the restoration of soil microbiota and enzymatic activity after bioremediation have shown a significant acceleration of the processes of natural ecosystem restoration. The proposed technology ensures the environmentally sound restoration of oil-contaminated Arctic soils and can be adapted to various types of soils and pollution levels at low temperatures.
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