Reproductive capacity of the dendrological resources of the Rosaceae family and their prospects for nursery management and forest flora enrichment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25726/worldjournals.pro/WEJ.2020.1.4Keywords:
reproductive capacity, adaptation, drought, stress factors, dendrological resources, Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, flowering, fruiting, biodiversity, shrubs, Rosaceae, mobilization, nursery management, degraded landscapesAbstract
Scientific research on the impact of stress factors on the reproductive ability of economically important woody plants is relevant for arid regions of the Russian Federation in connection with activities under the national projects "Science" and "Ecology". Mechanisms of adaptation of biological systems to the impact of stress factors are determined by the limits of plant resistance and reveal the nature of their integrity and preservation.
The objects of research are representatives of the Rosaceae family (Amelanchier, Amygdalus, Aronia, Armeniaca, Chaenomeles, Cerasus, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Gydonia, Malus, Rosa, Sorbus, Spiraea, etc.) growing in the collections of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Volgograd and Samara Regions, Altai Territory), including multi-purpose species (forest-reclamation, decorative, medicinal, food, etc.).
The climate is characterized by a small amount of annual precipitation (270-395 mm), high summer precipitation (+40-43 °C), and low winter (- 35-50°C) air temperatures, thawing in winter, low snow cover.
Observation of the behavior of introduced trees was evaluated by the degree of growth, development, and reproduction. Methods for determining tolerance limits under stress factors based on an s230kit conductometer and a Dualex Scientific device were used.
The effect of environmental factors on the flowering, fruiting, and seed production of the studied representatives of generic systems in the Rosaceae family was determined according to guidelines developed by the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
In the cluster collections of the Federal Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (arboretums: Volgograd, Kamyshin, the Volga Region, Kulunda), 33.2 percent of woody species with the generative index 0.65-0.79 were allocated. This group includes plants with a wide ecological range of growth (polymorphic generic complexes). Along with a high level of environmental plasticity to stress factors, the colloid-osmotic properties of protoplasm (1.70-2.05) showed intensive fruiting, high fruit set rates (64-91%), development of large fruits and seeds, and good seed quality.
Seeds of high quality are produced by representatives of Cydonia (80 ... 95), Spiraea (85...93), Prunus (86...97), Aronia(88...95), Padus (89...96), Pyrus (89...99), Amygdalus (90...100), Cerasus (93...99), Chaenomeles (95...99), Physocarpus (95...100), and Armeniaca (99...100). The following species of genera of this family are characterized by a variety of seed quality: Crataegus (48 ... 91), Sorbus (59...88), Amelanchier (60...90), Malus (68...90), and Aflatunia ulmifolia (31…50).
The ecological specificity of the species, associated with the range of their origin and with a complex process of adaptive variability, was established. Bioecological parameters of seed production and generative capacity of trees and shrubs for their effective continuous use in nursery and forest reclamation were identified.
As a result of research, a theoretical basis for seed science has been developed, which is based on obtaining an adaptive generation of plants. New knowledge has been obtained on the limits of ecological tolerance of tree species to stress factors.
Polymorphic generic complexes of shrubs are recommended for the formation of sustainable forest-reclamation complexes and improvement of bioresources of degraded landscapes. Based on the analysis of climatic characteristics that play a decisive role in the success of introduction, species with a wide ecological range, as multi-purpose plants, are promising for plantings in arid regions.
References
2. Belitskaya, M. N., Gribust, I. R., Belyaev, A. I., Nefed’eva, E. E., & Zheltobryukhov, V. F. (2019). Peculiarities in the Organization of the Population of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the Gradient of Urbanization. {IOP} Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 224, 12022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/224/1/012022
3. Cerovic, Z. G., Masdoumier, G., Ghozlen, N. B., & Latouche, G. (2012). A new optical leaf-clip meter for simultaneous non-destructive assessment of leaf chlorophyll and epidermal flavonoids. Physiologia Plantarum, 146(3), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01639.x
4. Chindyaeva, L. N., Belanova, A. P., & Kiseleva, T. I. (2018). Patterns of Natural Regeneration of Alien Species of Woody Plants in Novosibirsk. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, 9(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075111718030025
5. Dolgih, A.A. (2018). Monitoring of introduction resources of the Kulunda arboretum and allocation of valuable gene pool for protective afforestation. World Ecology Journal, 8(1), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.25726/NM.2018.1.1.003
6. du Preez, R., Wanyonyi, S., Mouatt, P., Panchal, S. K., & Brown, L. (2020). Saskatoon berry amelanchier alnifolia regulates glucose metabolism and improves cardiovascular and liver signs of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Nutrients, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12040931
7. Huff, S., Ritchie, M., & Temesgen, H. (2017). Allometric equations for estimating aboveground biomass for common shrubs in northeastern California. Forest Ecology and Management, 398, 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.04.027
8. Jin, A. L., Ozga, J. A., Kennedy, J. A., Koerner-Smith, J. L., Botar, G., & Reinecke, D. M. (2015). Developmental profile of anthocyanin, flavonol, and proanthocyanidin type, content, and localization in saskatoon fruits (amelanchier alnifolia nutt.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63(5), 1601–1614. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf504722x
9. Kebbas, S., Benseddik, T., Makhloufi, H., & Aid, F. (2018). Physiological and biochemical behaviour of Gleditsia triacanthos L. young seedlings under drought stress conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 46(2), 585–592. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha46211064
10. Konijnendijk, C. C. (2008). The forest and the city: The cultural landscape of urban woodland. The Forest and the City: The Cultural Landscape of Urban Woodland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8371-6
11. Kruzhilin, S. N., Taran, S. S., Semenyutina, A. V, & Matvienko, E. Y. (2018). Growth peculiarities and age dynamics of Quercus robur L. Formation in steppe region conditions. Kuwait Journal of Science, 45(4), 52–58.
12. Larionov, M. V, Larionov, N. V, Siraeva, I. S., & Ermolenko, A. S. (2018). The Composition and Characteristics of the Dendroflora in the Transformed Conditions of the Middle Reaches of the River Khoper. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 115). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/115/1/012009
13. Lepší, M., Koutecký, P., Nosková, J., Lepší, P., Urfus, T., & Rich, T. C. G. (2019). Versatility of reproductive modes and ploidy level interactions in Sorbus s.l. (Malinae, Rosaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 191(4), 502–522. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz054
14. Melikhov, V. V, Novikov, A. A., Medvedeva, L. N., & Komarova, O. P. (2017). Green technologies: The basis for integration and clustering of subjects at the regional level of economy. Contributions to Economics, (9783319454610), 365–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45462-7_37
15. Semenyutina A.V., Kostyukov S.M. (2013). Bioecological justification assortment of shrubs for landscaping urban landscapes. Montreal, Accent Graphics Communications. 164p.
16. Semenyutina, A., Podkovyrova, G., Khuzhakhmetova, A., Svintsov, I., Semenyutina, V., & Podkovyrov, I. (2018). Engineering implementation of landscaping of low-forest regions. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(10), 1415–1422.
17. Stoochnoff, J. A., Graham, T., & Dixon, M. A. (2018). Drip irrigation scheduling for container grown trees based on plant water status. Irrigation Science, 36(3), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-018-0575-y
18. Vásquez-Cruz, M., & Sosa, V. (2020). Assembly and origin of the flora of the Chihuahuan Desert: The case of sclerophyllous Rosaceae. Journal of Biogeography, 47(2), 445–459. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13745
19. Volk, G., Samarina, L., Kulyan, R., Gorshkov, V., Malyarovskaya, V., Ryndin, A., … Stover, E. (2018). Citrus genebank collections: international collaboration opportunities between the US and Russia. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 65(2), 433–447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-017-0543-z
20. Yao, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, K., & Tao, J. (2019). Reproductive and pollination biology of sorbus alnifolia, an ornamental species. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 51(5), 1797–1802. https://doi.org/10.30848/PJB2019-5(21)
21. http://www.force-a.com/capteurs-optiques-optical-sensors/dualex-scientific-chlorophyll-meter/
