Selection potential of tree populations for forest reclamation complexes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25726/worldjournals.pro/WEJ.2020.2.3Keywords:
biodiversity, population, gene pool, selection criteria and methods, degradation of plantings, forest reclamation complexes, seed scienceAbstract
Increasing the stability and durability of protective forest stands can be influenced by a whole range of techniques and measures for seed science, seed production, propagation and cultivation of selectively improved planting material and optimization of the phytosanitary situation. Fundamentally new approaches and solutions are planned for each component of the complex.
The valuable properties of the populations of the selected tree gene pool in arid conditions (South of the European territory of Russia) can be judged by the fact that they reach the maximum age (50-70 years) under repeated exposure to severe droughts, severe frosts, pest infestations and diseases, etc.
The objects of research were natural and artificial populations of Quercus robur L., Pinus sylvestris L., P. pallasiana D. Don, P. nigra Arnold, P. banksiana Lamb., P. ponderosa Dougl. In the South of the European territory of Russia (Volgograd, Astrakhan regions, Republic of Kalmykia).
The research is based on a methodology that includes monitoring, identification of selection criteria taking into account complex studies (drought, frost, salt resistance, pest and disease resistance).
A comprehensive assessment of various ecotypes of Quercus robur L. by offspring (25-year-old plants in the clone archive) is given. In the forest-growing conditions of the research region, the populations of Quercus robur l have shown themselves to be promising in terms of forestry and biological indicators. From the following areas: Voronezh, Vitebsk, And Belgorod Regions. There are significant differences between ecotypes recommended for selective seed production. Differences between phenological forms in the duration of growth processes, the rhythm of development, and taxational indicators are revealed.
Representatives of the genus Pinus (Pinus sylvestris L., P. pallasiana D. Don, P. ponderosa Dougl.) of practical interest for protective afforestation in the southern regions have been identified. In Russia, a significant part (65%) of artificial plantings is represented by P. sylvestris L. crops. From the variety of soil ecotypes, the ecotype formed on Cretaceous outcrops is of interest for agroforestry. In this connection, it is used in anti-erosion plantings in the Middle and Lower Volga region.
Some characteristics of the seed yield of individual trees had large variations and were characterized by low indicators due to an exceptionally dry observation period.
As a result of the inventory of natural and artificial plantings, morphological and structural characteristics were studied and promising populations were identified for breeding purposes when creating agroforestry complexes. Theoretical and experimental materials were obtained at the level of geographical, ecological, and local populations, as well as data on the complex stability of cultivars.
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